Access for subscribers

• Financial calculator
• Future value of a single sum
• Present value of a single sum
• Future value of an ordinary annuity
• Future value of an annuity due
• Present value of an ordinary annuity
• Present value of an annuity due
• Present value of perpetuities
• Time required to double a single amount
• Time required for the population to double itself
• Time required for the population to halve itself
• Discounting securities
• Net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR)
• Bonds valuation
• Common stock valuation
• Share options valuation by using Black-Scholes model
• Capital asset pricing model (CAPM)
• Weighted average cost of capital (WACC)
• Percents and permils
• Percentage amount at given principal and percent rate
• Permil amount at given principal and permil rate
• Principal at given percentage amount and percent rate
• Principal at given permil amount and permil rate
• Percent rate at given principal and percentage amount
• Permil rate at given principal and permil amount
• Calculating depreciation
• Straight-line depreciation method
• Activity based depreciation method
• Decreasing-charge depreciation method
• Cost of goods sold calculation
• Construction contracts accounting
• Accounting for finance leases
• For lessee
• For lessor - sales-type
• For lessor - direct-financing type
• Financial analysis (calculations)
• COMPREHENSIVE RATIO REVIEW
• 1. Liquidity ratios
• 1.1. Current ratio
• 1.2. Acid-test (quick) ratio
• 1.3. Working capital
• 2. Activity ratios
• 2.1. Accounts receivable turnover ratio
• 2.2. Average collection period for accounts receivable
• 2.3. Inventory turnover ratio
• 2.4. Average days in stock
• 2.5. Fixed assets turnover ratio
• 2.6. Total assets turnover ratio
• 2.7. Average days in total assets
• 3. Debt ratios
• 3.1. Debt ratio
• 3.2. Long-term debt ratio
• 3.3. Long-term financial stability
• 4. Profitability ratios
• 4.1. Gross profit margin
• 4.2. Net profit margin
• 4.3. Return on investments - ROI
• 4.4. Return on common equity - ROCE
• 5. Predicting financial distress of companies
• Common shares valuation
• Breakeven analysis
• Price elasticity of demand
• 1. Linear dependence (y = axi + b)
• 2. Quadratic (parabolic, polinomial) dependence
• 2.1. type (y = axixi + bxi + c)
• 2.2. type (y = axixi + b)
• 2.3. type (y = axixi + bxi)
• 3. Logarithmic dependence
• 3.1. type (y = a log xi + b) - Briggsian logarithms (base 10)
• 3.2. type (y = a ln xi + b) - Natural logarithms (base e)
• 4. Exponential dependence (log y = log b + xi log a)
• 5. Hyperbolic dependence
• 5.1. type (y = a / xi)
• 5.2. type (y = a/xi + b)
• 5.3. type (y = 1 / (axi + b))

• Note: Choose the type of functional dependence between demand (dependent variable) and price (independent variable). Function is represented with analytical expression giving the best approximation for a given data series, according to the chosen dependence model. Function is determined by using the method of least squares. Model of dependence should be chosen by using graphical representation of data in rectangular coordinate system (x,y).

• Random numbers
• Statistics
• 1. Discrete Probability Distributionsа
• 1.1. The Binomial Distribution
• 1.2. The Poisson Distribution
• 2. Continuous Probability Distributions
• 2.1. The Standard Normal Distribution (Z - Statistics)
• 2.2. The Student t - Distribution
• 2.3. The Chi - square Distribution
• 2.4. The F Distribution
• 3. Statistical inference
• 3.1. Mean, variance, standard deviation
• 3.2. Confidence intervals for the population mean when the population standard deviation is known
• 3.3. Confidence intervals for the population variance
• 3.4. Hypothesis testing-Large sample test for the population mean
• 3.5. Hypothesis testing about the population variance
• 3.6. Confidence intervals for the population mean when the population standard deviation is unknown
• 3.7. Hypothesis testing-Small sample test for the population mean
• 3.8. Large-sample confidence intervals for the population proportion
• 3.9. Hypothesis testing-Large sample test for the population proportion
• 3.10. Large-sample confidence intervals for the population mean-finite population
• 3.11. Large-sample confidence intervals for the population proportion-finite population
• 3.12. Simple linear regression and correlation
• 3.13. Multiple regression (two independent variables)
• 3.14. Quadratic polynomial regression model of second degree in one variable
• 3.15 Logarithmic regression model
• Statistical modelling
• 1. Linear dependence (y = axi + b)
• 2. Quadratic (parabolic, polinomial) dependence
• 2.1.type (y = axixi + bxi + c)
• 2.2. type (y = axixi + b)
• 2.3. type (y = axixi + bxi)
• 3. Logarithmic dependence
• 3.1. type (y = a log xi + b) - Briggsian logarithms (base 10)
• 3.2. type (y = a ln xi + b) - Natural logarithms (base e)
• 4. Exponential dependence (log y = log b + xi log a)
• 5. Hyperbolic dependence
• 5.1. type (y = a / xi)
• 5.2. type (y = a/xi + b)
• 5.3. type (y = 1 / (axi + b))

• Note: Analytical expression represents the best approximation (fit) for a given data series, according to the chosen dependence model. Function is determined by using the method of least squares. Model of dependence should be chosen by using graphical representation of data in rectangular coordinate system (x, y).

• Calculus
• 1. Derivatives and differentials of functions
• 1.1. Linear functions (y = axi + b)
• 1.2. Quadratic (parabolic, polinomial) functions
• 1.2.1. type (y = axixi + bxi + c)
• 1.2.2. type (y = axixi + b)
• 1.2.3. type (y = axixi + bxi)
• 1.3. Logarithmic functions
• 1.3.1. type (y = a log xi + b) - Briggsian logarithms (base 10)
• 1.3.2. type (y = a ln xi + b) - Natural logarithms (base e)
• 1.4. Exponential functions (y=ae^(bx))
• 1.5. Hyperbolic functions
• 1.5.1. type (y = a / xi)
• 1.5.2. type (y = a/xi + b)
• 1.5.3. type (y = 1 / (axi + b))

• Note: Determine the first and second derivatives and differentials of the functions above mentioned, as well as the value of function for the chosen variable x.

• 2. Evaluating definite integrals of functions
• 2.1. Linear functions (y = axi + b)
• 2.2. Quadratic (parabolic, polinomial) functions
• 2.2.1. type (y = axixi + bxi + c)
• 2.2.2. type (y = axixi + b)
• 2.2.3. type (y = axixi + bxi)
• 2.3 Logarithmic functions
• 2.3.1. type (y = a log xi + b) - Briggsian logarithms (base 10)
• 2.3.2. type (y = a ln xi + b) - Natural logarithms (base e)
• 2.4. Exponential functions (y=ae^(bx))
• 2.5. Hyperbolic functions
• 2.5.1. type (y = a / xi)
• 2.5.2. type (y = a/xi + b)
• 2.5.3. type (y = 1 / (axi + b))

• Note: Evaluate definite integrals of the functions above mentioned.

• Exponential functions
• Exponential models
• 1. Exponential model
• 1.1. Time is unknown variable
• 1.2. Population value is unknown variable
• 2. Bounded exponential model
• 2.1. Time is unknown variable
• 2.2. Population value is unknown variable
• 3. Logistic model
• 3.1. Time is unknown variable
• 3.2. Population value is unknown variable
• Logarithms
• 1. Logarithms
• 2. Antilogarithms
• Solving linear equations
• 1. Linear equation involving one unknown variable
• 2. System of linear equations - two unknown variables
• 3. System of linear equations - three unknown variables
• 4. System of linear equations - four unknown variables
• 5. System of linear equations - five unknown variables

• Solving a quadratic equation

• Amortization of loans with equal ordinary annuities and annual compounding period
• 1. Amortization of loan with equal annual ordinary annuities
• 2. Amortization of loan with equal semiannual ordinary annuities
• 3. Amortization of loan with equal quarterly ordinary annuities
• 4. Amortization of loan with equal monthly ordinary annuities

• IFRS for SMEs manual

• Personal Income Taxes Calculation
• 1. Based on the net payment
• 1.1. Job Order Incomes
• 1.2. Employee's allowances and other personal incomes
• 1.3. Rental Incomes (Recognized costs - 25%)
• 1.4. Rental Incomes (Recognized costs - 30%)
• 1.5. Dividends
• 1.6. Copyrights (Recognized costs - 50%)
• 1.7. Copyrights (Recognized costs - 60%)
• 1.8. Copyrights (Recognized costs - 30%)
• 1.9. Copyrights (Recognized costs - 25%)
• 1.10. Other Incomes
• 2. Based on the gross payment
• 2.1. Job Order Incomes
• 2.2. Employee's allowances and other personal incomes
• 2.3. Rental Incomes (Recognized costs - 25%)
• 2.4. Rental Incomes (Recognized costs - 30%)
• 2.5. Dividends
• 2.6. Copyrights (Recognized costs - 50%))
• 2.7. Copyrights (Recognized costs - 60%)
• 2.8. Copyrights (Recognized costs - 30%)
• 2.9. Copyrights (Recognized costs - 25%)
• 2.10. Other Incomes
• Exchange rates, accounts, indexes and legal deafult interest
• 1. Exchange rates (denars)
• 2. Statistics of exchange rates (denars)
• 3. EURO Exchange rates
• 4. Statistics of euro exchange rates
• 5. National Bank discount rate
• 6. Inflation rates
• 7. Retail and consumer prices
• 8. Legal default interest calculation
• 9. Taxes - interest for delay
• 10. Chart of accounts
• 11. Reclassification from old to new account 2011
• Salaries and allowances
• 1. Salary calculation
• 1.1. Salary calculation in 2012
• 1.2. Salary calculation in 2011
• 1.3. Salary calculation in 2010
• 1.4. Salary calculation in 2009
• 2. Employee allowances
• 3. Contribution bases
• 4. Personal income tax exemption
• 5. Fuel prices in Macedonia
• 6. Shortest distances in Macedonia
• Annual forms preparation and control
• 1. Accounts reclassification 2011
• 2. From trial balance to income statement
• 3. From trial balance to financial position
• 4. From trial balance to comprehensive income
• 5. Statement of financial position - control
• 6. Income statement - control
• 7. Statement of comprehensive income - control
• Entertainment
• 1. Draw poker
• 2. Roulette
• 3. Dice poker

• Did you know that...

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Audit

We are providing the following assurance engagements:

- Audits and reviews or historical financial information;

- Assurance engagements other than audits or reviews of historical financial information;

- We are also performing related services according to the International Standards on Quality Control issued by the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board.

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ACCOUNTING AND TAX CONSULTING

The risks arisen by inappropriate application of tax and accounting regulations are extremly relevant. With our knowledge, experience and professional approach, we can help you to meet these challenges.

We are offering:

- Accounting and tax consultations;

- Training and education;

- Written answer (opinion) to your submitted question;

- Accounting and tax advice;

- Assistance in tax disputes (Litigations);

- Financial analysis;

- Estimates;

- Assessment of accounting information systems.

Accounting and tax consultations

The choise, determination and adequate application of accounting polices according to the law and professional requlations are especially imortant for financial statements to give true and fair view of company's financial position, performance and cash flows. Besides, tax regulation offers several preferences, but also comprises certain risks. With our services, we are going to help you make the proper decision for the given conditions.

Training and education

Accounting profession is dynamic. This propertly arises not only from the continual rehulation changes, but also from the rapid IT development. If the increased public expectations concerning the quality and quantity of accounting services are considered, it is completly clear that every professional myst maintain his continual professional education to provide own very existence on the competitive markets. With our services, we are going to help you achieve this goal.

Written answer (opinion) to your submitted question

Sometimes you might need an expert opinion on certain issues in your business menagement. It could help you as an argument in front of tax authorites or other concerned parties. Contact us for such services if needed.

Accounting and tax advices

If you prefer, we can arrange a meeting in our office, thus giving you a chance to explain the questions and issues for which advice is needed and we will provide advice respecting your best interest.

Assistance in tax disputes (litigations)

If you think that you are wrongfully run into debt by the act of tax authorities, call us. We are going to analyze the disputable act and if justifiable we will assits you to deny such act according to the legal procedures.

Financial analysis

Financial analysis can help you to cognize in more details the financial position and performance of your company. Based on analysis, you can make more efficient decisions about your future actions. Call us if you need such services.

Estimates

Do you want to know the worth of your company, or maybe what is the value of your shares in certain company? Maybe application of accounting policies in your company requires estimation of certain assets and liabilities. Are you facing business combinations, so you need independent estimation as a criteria to accomplish them? Contact us if you need such estimation.

Assessment of accounting information systems

Each appropriate accounting information system should generate information that is understandable, relevant, reliable and comparable. Besides, it is expected to generate information for many internal and external users. If you ask, we can assess your accounting information system and give you our recommendations.

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IFRS TRAINING

Financial reporting in Republic of Macedonia is promulgated by Macedonian Commercial law, published in "Macedonian Official Gazette" No. 28/04, 84/05, 25/07 and 87/08. When speaking about financial statements, act standard (based on Commercial law) concerning them, is Accounting rule book (“Macedonian Official Gazette" No. 94/04, 11/05 and 116/05). For less acquainted we shall say that this rule book comprise International Accounting Standards (IAS) and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and that its application is obligatory for all commercial entities. To be more clear, elements of annual reports and financial statements (assets, liabilities, equity, revenues and expenses) must be recognized, measured and disclosured (not valid to annual reports) according to IFRS (IAS). You can contact us if IFRS training is needed.

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Modern IT development has allowed access to huge data for low costs. Such data stores are precious resource which can generate valuable information for decision making process. But, to achieve this, the application of modern statistical and quantitative methods is precondition. We are qualified and experienced to apply these methods.

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