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• Financial calculator
• Future value of a single sum
• Present value of a single sum
• Future value of an ordinary annuity
• Future value of an annuity due
• Present value of an ordinary annuity
• Present value of an annuity due
• Present value of perpetuities
• Time required to double a single amount
• Time required for the population to double itself
• Time required for the population to halve itself
• Discounting securities
• Net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR)
• Bonds valuation
• Common stock valuation
• Share options valuation by using Black-Scholes model
• Capital asset pricing model (CAPM)
• Weighted average cost of capital (WACC)
• Percents and permils
• Percentage amount at given principal and percent rate
• Permil amount at given principal and permil rate
• Principal at given percentage amount and percent rate
• Principal at given permil amount and permil rate
• Percent rate at given principal and percentage amount
• Permil rate at given principal and permil amount
• Calculating depreciation
• Straight-line depreciation method
• Activity based depreciation method
• Decreasing-charge depreciation method
• Cost of goods sold calculation
• Construction contracts accounting
• Accounting for finance leases
• For lessee
• For lessor - sales-type
• For lessor - direct-financing type
• Financial analysis (calculations)
• COMPREHENSIVE RATIO REVIEW
• 1. Liquidity ratios
• 1.1. Current ratio
• 1.2. Acid-test (quick) ratio
• 1.3. Working capital
• 2. Activity ratios
• 2.1. Accounts receivable turnover ratio
• 2.2. Average collection period for accounts receivable
• 2.3. Inventory turnover ratio
• 2.4. Average days in stock
• 2.5. Fixed assets turnover ratio
• 2.6. Total assets turnover ratio
• 2.7. Average days in total assets
• 3. Debt ratios
• 3.1. Debt ratio
• 3.2. Long-term debt ratio
• 3.3. Long-term financial stability
• 4. Profitability ratios
• 4.1. Gross profit margin
• 4.2. Net profit margin
• 4.3. Return on investments - ROI
• 4.4. Return on common equity - ROCE
• 5. Predicting financial distress of companies
• Common shares valuation
• Breakeven analysis
• Price elasticity of demand
• 1. Linear dependence (y = axi + b)
• 2. Quadratic (parabolic, polinomial) dependence
• 2.1. type (y = axixi + bxi + c)
• 2.2. type (y = axixi + b)
• 2.3. type (y = axixi + bxi)
• 3. Logarithmic dependence
• 3.1. type (y = a log xi + b) - Briggsian logarithms (base 10)
• 3.2. type (y = a ln xi + b) - Natural logarithms (base e)
• 4. Exponential dependence (log y = log b + xi log a)
• 5. Hyperbolic dependence
• 5.1. type (y = a / xi)
• 5.2. type (y = a/xi + b)
• 5.3. type (y = 1 / (axi + b))

• Note: Choose the type of functional dependence between demand (dependent variable) and price (independent variable). Function is represented with analytical expression giving the best approximation for a given data series, according to the chosen dependence model. Function is determined by using the method of least squares. Model of dependence should be chosen by using graphical representation of data in rectangular coordinate system (x,y).

• Random numbers
• Statistics
• 1. Discrete Probability Distributionsа
• 1.1. The Binomial Distribution
• 1.2. The Poisson Distribution
• 2. Continuous Probability Distributions
• 2.1. The Standard Normal Distribution (Z - Statistics)
• 2.2. The Student t - Distribution
• 2.3. The Chi - square Distribution
• 2.4. The F Distribution
• 3. Statistical inference
• 3.1. Mean, variance, standard deviation
• 3.2. Confidence intervals for the population mean when the population standard deviation is known
• 3.3. Confidence intervals for the population variance
• 3.4. Hypothesis testing-Large sample test for the population mean
• 3.5. Hypothesis testing about the population variance
• 3.6. Confidence intervals for the population mean when the population standard deviation is unknown
• 3.7. Hypothesis testing-Small sample test for the population mean
• 3.8. Large-sample confidence intervals for the population proportion
• 3.9. Hypothesis testing-Large sample test for the population proportion
• 3.10. Large-sample confidence intervals for the population mean-finite population
• 3.11. Large-sample confidence intervals for the population proportion-finite population
• 3.12. Simple linear regression and correlation
• 3.13. Multiple regression (two independent variables)
• 3.14. Quadratic polynomial regression model of second degree in one variable
• 3.15 Logarithmic regression model
• Statistical modelling
• 1. Linear dependence (y = axi + b)
• 2. Quadratic (parabolic, polinomial) dependence
• 2.1.type (y = axixi + bxi + c)
• 2.2. type (y = axixi + b)
• 2.3. type (y = axixi + bxi)
• 3. Logarithmic dependence
• 3.1. type (y = a log xi + b) - Briggsian logarithms (base 10)
• 3.2. type (y = a ln xi + b) - Natural logarithms (base e)
• 4. Exponential dependence (log y = log b + xi log a)
• 5. Hyperbolic dependence
• 5.1. type (y = a / xi)
• 5.2. type (y = a/xi + b)
• 5.3. type (y = 1 / (axi + b))

• Note: Analytical expression represents the best approximation (fit) for a given data series, according to the chosen dependence model. Function is determined by using the method of least squares. Model of dependence should be chosen by using graphical representation of data in rectangular coordinate system (x, y).

• Calculus
• 1. Derivatives and differentials of functions
• 1.1. Linear functions (y = axi + b)
• 1.2. Quadratic (parabolic, polinomial) functions
• 1.2.1. type (y = axixi + bxi + c)
• 1.2.2. type (y = axixi + b)
• 1.2.3. type (y = axixi + bxi)
• 1.3. Logarithmic functions
• 1.3.1. type (y = a log xi + b) - Briggsian logarithms (base 10)
• 1.3.2. type (y = a ln xi + b) - Natural logarithms (base e)
• 1.4. Exponential functions (y=ae^(bx))
• 1.5. Hyperbolic functions
• 1.5.1. type (y = a / xi)
• 1.5.2. type (y = a/xi + b)
• 1.5.3. type (y = 1 / (axi + b))

• Note: Determine the first and second derivatives and differentials of the functions above mentioned, as well as the value of function for the chosen variable x.

• 2. Evaluating definite integrals of functions
• 2.1. Linear functions (y = axi + b)
• 2.2. Quadratic (parabolic, polinomial) functions
• 2.2.1. type (y = axixi + bxi + c)
• 2.2.2. type (y = axixi + b)
• 2.2.3. type (y = axixi + bxi)
• 2.3 Logarithmic functions
• 2.3.1. type (y = a log xi + b) - Briggsian logarithms (base 10)
• 2.3.2. type (y = a ln xi + b) - Natural logarithms (base e)
• 2.4. Exponential functions (y=ae^(bx))
• 2.5. Hyperbolic functions
• 2.5.1. type (y = a / xi)
• 2.5.2. type (y = a/xi + b)
• 2.5.3. type (y = 1 / (axi + b))

• Note: Evaluate definite integrals of the functions above mentioned.

• Exponential functions
• Exponential models
• 1. Exponential model
• 1.1. Time is unknown variable
• 1.2. Population value is unknown variable
• 2. Bounded exponential model
• 2.1. Time is unknown variable
• 2.2. Population value is unknown variable
• 3. Logistic model
• 3.1. Time is unknown variable
• 3.2. Population value is unknown variable
• Logarithms
• 1. Logarithms
• 2. Antilogarithms
• Solving linear equations
• 1. Linear equation involving one unknown variable
• 2. System of linear equations - two unknown variables
• 3. System of linear equations - three unknown variables
• 4. System of linear equations - four unknown variables
• 5. System of linear equations - five unknown variables

• Solving a quadratic equation

• Amortization of loans with equal ordinary annuities and annual compounding period
• 1. Amortization of loan with equal annual ordinary annuities
• 2. Amortization of loan with equal semiannual ordinary annuities
• 3. Amortization of loan with equal quarterly ordinary annuities
• 4. Amortization of loan with equal monthly ordinary annuities

• IFRS for SMEs manual

• Personal Income Taxes Calculation
• 1. Based on the net payment
• 1.1. Job Order Incomes
• 1.2. Employee's allowances and other personal incomes
• 1.3. Rental Incomes (Recognized costs - 25%)
• 1.4. Rental Incomes (Recognized costs - 30%)
• 1.5. Dividends
• 1.6. Copyrights (Recognized costs - 50%)
• 1.7. Copyrights (Recognized costs - 60%)
• 1.8. Copyrights (Recognized costs - 30%)
• 1.9. Copyrights (Recognized costs - 25%)
• 1.10. Other Incomes
• 2. Based on the gross payment
• 2.1. Job Order Incomes
• 2.2. Employee's allowances and other personal incomes
• 2.3. Rental Incomes (Recognized costs - 25%)
• 2.4. Rental Incomes (Recognized costs - 30%)
• 2.5. Dividends
• 2.6. Copyrights (Recognized costs - 50%))
• 2.7. Copyrights (Recognized costs - 60%)
• 2.8. Copyrights (Recognized costs - 30%)
• 2.9. Copyrights (Recognized costs - 25%)
• 2.10. Other Incomes
• Exchange rates, accounts, indexes and legal deafult interest
• 1. Exchange rates (denars)
• 2. Statistics of exchange rates (denars)
• 3. EURO Exchange rates
• 4. Statistics of euro exchange rates
• 5. National Bank discount rate
• 6. Inflation rates
• 7. Retail and consumer prices
• 8. Legal default interest calculation
• 9. Taxes - interest for delay
• 10. Chart of accounts
• 11. Reclassification from old to new account 2011
• Salaries and allowances
• 1. Salary calculation
• 1.1. Salary calculation in 2012
• 1.2. Salary calculation in 2011
• 1.3. Salary calculation in 2010
• 1.4. Salary calculation in 2009
• 2. Employee allowances
• 3. Contribution bases
• 4. Personal income tax exemption
• 5. Fuel prices in Macedonia
• 6. Shortest distances in Macedonia
• Annual forms preparation and control
• 1. Accounts reclassification 2011
• 2. From trial balance to income statement
• 3. From trial balance to financial position
• 4. From trial balance to comprehensive income
• 5. Statement of financial position - control
• 6. Income statement - control
• 7. Statement of comprehensive income - control
• Entertainment
• 1. Draw poker
• 2. Roulette
• 3. Dice poker

• Did you know that...

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Seminar materials - posted on 14.02.2012.

Seminar materials about the preparation of annual forms (statements) 2011 can be downloaded Here. (Available only in Mаcedonian)

Salary calculation in 2012 - posted on 29.01.2012.

Concerning the salary calculation in 2012, we are offering the next resources:
(1) Comment for salary calculation in 2012 which can be seen Here. (Available only in Macedonian)
(2) Excel sheet for salary calculation in 2012 which can be downloaded Here. Available only in Macedonian)
(3) Salary calculation on these pages which can be done Here.

Data for salary calculation for 2012 - posted on 27.01.2012.

The average monthly gross salary per employee that is used to determine the lowest and the highest contribution's basis during 2012 is 30,591 denars.

Reclassification 2011 - posted on 26.01.2012.

Reclassification from the old to new accounts can be performed Here.

Is the preparation of financial statements for 2011 in addition to the annual forms (accounts) legally compulsory for micro and small entities? - posted on 21.01.2012. (Available only in Macedonian)

Read the article Here.

IFRS for SMEs manual - posted on 15.01.2012.

Electronical IFRS for SMEs manual is deployed on these pages. This manual is the first and only one in Macedonia at the moment. On more than 500 pages, 800 practical examples and 265 quiz question are given. The material is prepared by using literature published by IASC (IFRS) Foundation. Access the manual Here.

AOP 25 of the form DB for 2011 - posted on 13.01.2012. (Available only in Macedonian)

The amount to be entered on AOP 25 in the form DB for 2011 can be calculated Here.

New pages - posted on 10.01.2012.
1. New chart of accounts with the reclassification schema is now available in English

(а) review the chart of accounts Here.
(б) review the reclassification schema Here.
(в) Download the new chart of accounts and reclassification schema in excel format Here.

2. From trial balance to income statement

Here you have an opportunity to prepare income statement by entering trial balances data for the selected accounts.

3. From trial balance to financial position

Here you have an opportunity to prepare statement of financial position (balance sheet) by entering trial balances data for the selected accounts.

4. From trial balance to comprehensive income

Here you have an opportunity to prepare statement of other comprehensive income by entering trial balances data for the selected accounts.

How to prepare profit tax return for 2011 - posted on 04.01.2012. (Available only in Macedonian)

Download the detailed explanations in excel format Here.
If you want a quick review of some item, you can do that Here.

Personal tax exemption for 2012 - posted on 24.12.2011.

Monthly personal income tax exemption for salaries and pensions is 7.470 denars. For the year this amount is 89.640 denars.

Annual forms updated - posted on 22.12.2011.

In “Official gazette of RM“ No. 174/2011 Annual forms are updated. Download updated annual forms.

New income tax rulebook - posted on 17.12.2011. (Available only in Macedonian)

This rulebook can be downloaded Here.

New VAT declaration - posted on 17.12.2011 (Available only in Macedonian)

This declaration can be downloaded Here.

New pages posted on 01.12.2011.

FORMAL AND LOGIC CONTROL OF ANNUAL FORMS
To perform logic and formal control of new annual forms push HERE
At the same time, please be informed that because of a correction made, you should download new annual forms again in excel format. It can be done HERE